托福写作用哪些词汇符合托福写作评分标准?对于一篇优秀的托福写作作文,托福用词的准确得体肯定是被优先考虑的,其次是多样性。下面就跟大家聊一聊托福写作的评分标准及用词,希望对大家的托福写作备考有所帮助。
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托福写作用词标准:准确
用词不准确主要包括用词不符合惯用法或者混淆同义词/近义词。
就用法而言,如果一味追求复杂性,不去推敲词语的用法,可能会导致用词词不达意。
例如,中文我们会说“这件衬衫价格便宜”,但是英文我们不能说:The price of the blouse is inexpensive
我们应该写成“The price of the blouse is low.”或者“The blouse is inexpensive.” 从同义词的角度看,建议有suggest/suggestion与advise/advice,除了拼写、词性等方面存在差异之外,其用法也有很大的不同。
I suggest/advise that he (should) give up drinking.
建议命令请求类的词需要使用虚拟语气suggest,demand,order,propose,insist,command,request that …(should) do
I suggest him giving up drinking.跟动名词作宾语
I advise him to give up drinking.跟带不定式的复合宾语
Here is my advice./ Here are my suggestions.advice不可数;suggestion可数
由此看出,同义词应该认真区别对待和使用。
托福写作用词标准:得体
就得体角度来说,我们需要注意词汇的褒贬色彩。
比如要表达“这名年轻女孩高挑苗条”,有的同学可能会写:This young girl is tall and skinny.
句子中skinny这个词乍看之下确实挺“高大上”的,但用得不好,因为它一般用来形容人瘦得跟皮包骨头似的,是一个贬义词,而句子要表达的意思应该是褒义,这里正确的用词应该是slim/slender。 其次,得体还包括我们的用词风格尽可能保持统一。以以下句子为例:
Clearly, she gets a sanguine opinion, so she can ignore so many difficulties.
作者本身希望表达的意思是“很明显,是她的乐观让她能够克服这许多的困难”。但是,sanguine这个词是非常正式的书面语,用在这句话中和作者的get,ignore等不太准确的表达显得格格不入。
改法1: 舍弃sanguine,让整句话更加平实但不失准确
托福写作评分标准:
5分
An essay at this level largely accomplished all of the following:
-displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity, though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors.
4分
An essay at this level accomplished all of the following:
-displays facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety and range of vocabulary, though it will probably have occasional noticeable minor errors in structure, word form, or use of idiomatic language that do not interfere with meaning.
3分
An essay at this level is marked by one or more of the following:
-may display accurate but limited range of syntactic structures and vocabulary.
2分
An essay at this level reveal one or more of the following weaknesses:
-a noticeably inappropriate choice of words or word forms.
Clearly, she has been very optimistic, so she could overcome so many difficulties.
改法2: 保留sanguine, 但同时也对句式和表达做一些改写,让句子更加凝练且重点突出。
Clearly, it is her sanguine attitude that enabled her to surmount all the difficulties.
这句话可能会比改法1更为正式、书面或者“高大上”,但并不是说我们就应该追求改法2这样的句子。
在托福写作中,我们首先追求的是准确得体。在背诵单词的时候不能孤立地从词语本身的含义着眼,而应从具体的语境,包括搭配、近义词辨析等方面记忆。另外,用词要得体,恰到好处,考虑场景、修饰对象、褒贬色彩、风格统一...不可因追求“高级词汇”而使用不熟悉或者没有把握的词语。
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