4月25日托福独立写作高分答案：科学家应该为研究带来的负面作用负责吗？

　　4月25日托福独立写作高分答案：科学家应该为研究带来的负面作用负责吗？这道题的立场大家可以根据自己的真实想法来写。选择“同意”或者“不同意”都可以，找到合适的论据来佐证自己的观点即可。

　　有用词汇

　　double edged sword 双刃剑

　　precisely 准确地说

　　anticipate 预期

　　manufacture 制造

　　painstakingly 极力的

图片来源网络

　　高分范文

　　The invention of the wheel, the discovery of penicillin, the production of the car and the recent invention of the Internet are just a handful of the key advancements that changed the world for the better. However, science and technology is a double edged sword. This had led some to argue that scientists should be held responsible for the negative impact of their discoveries or innovations. I disagree with this viewpoint for the reasons stated below.

　　To begin with, the intention and motives of most scientists are honorable and the unwanted fallout of a discovery is mostly beyond their expectations. This can be confirmed by multiple examples. The discovery of nuclear power was intended to benefit humankind and foster scientific research on physics. The purpose of biological research was to understand the characteristics of living organisms more clearly and precisely. Pharmaceutical research was motivated by the need to develop new medicines to treat disease effectively. Furthermore, scientists cannot always accurately anticipate the future impact of their discoveries or their adverse effects. Scientists, like their fellow humans, have limitations and one is the inability to predict the future. Therefore, it is unfair to allow well-intentioned scientists to shoulder the responsibility for the unpredictable and negative consequences brought about by their discoveries.

　　In addition, scientific discovery itself does not necessarily have a negative impact. It is people who misuse science and technology for their own selfish motives that cause harm to society and thus should be held responsible. The atomic bomb, invented by Robert Oppenheimer is a good case in point. In order to expedite the surrender of the Japanese in the Second World War, nuclear bombs were designed and manufactured by the United States. They were put into operation over Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan, raiding the cities to rubble, causing untold death and suffering. Should Einstein, a strong anti-war activist, who had made a scientific breakthrough in explaining the mechanism of nuclear power, be blamed? Obviously, this disaster has nothing to do with Einstein. Or consider the case of genetic modification. Greedy business people used this technology to produce genetically modified food which may have caused gene mutation and toxic damage in the human body. It is these unethical and immoral businesses who should be brought to justice rather than the biochemical scientists who painstakingly developed genetic modification.

　　To sum up, it is unreasonable to hold scientists personally accountable if their discoveries cause negative effects in society today. After all, scientists are mostly driven by a desire to make the world a better place.