节选自《孤独星球》关于拉脱维亚Gauja国家公园的一段描述:
Dotted with sweet little towns and dramatic fortifications[筑城,堡垒], Latvia’s Gauja National Park entrances all who visit. The tower of Turaida Castle risesmajestically[庄严,宏伟地] over the huddling pines, a glorious reminder of the fairy-tale kingdoms that once ruled the land. And after you’ve had your history lesson, it’s time to spice things up with a bevy of adrenaline-inducing sports, such as bungee jumping from a cable car[缆车] or careering down a frozen bobsled track[雪橇滑道].
dotted with dot作名词时表示“圆点”“一点儿,微量”,而作动词时常用被动语态be dotted with 表示“密布,缀有”,比如我们形容夜空繁星点点时就可以说:
The night sky was dotted with stars.
The countryside is dotted with small villages. 也可以说Small villages dot the countryside.
那么我们在描述风景时,比如形容春季的时候,大草原上缀有雏菊,显得格外美:
The grassland is even more stunning when it is dotted with daisies in the springtime.
原文这里dotted with sweet little towns and dramatic fortifications 则是指Latvia’s Gauja 国家公园里散落着一些小镇以及辉煌的堡垒。
另外在口语中有 on the dot习语,表示准时地,按指定时刻地,比如我们描述一个人很准时:
He always arrives on the dot.
entrance 作名词时,大家都很熟悉,指的是“入口,通道”,但很明显,原文这里笔者用了entrance的动词形式;根据上下文语义,大家应该不难猜出,entrance指的是吸引。更准确的含义是“使着迷,狂喜”,也可以用于被动sb. is entranced by /with sth.
We were completely entranced by the beautiful sight.
I was entranced by the sweetness of her voice.
huddling huddle原本是指聚集在一起,原文这里用了它的现在分词形式作修饰,形容pines,指这个地方的松树很多,即形容城堡在茂密的松树林中赫然耸立。
spice things up spice作名词时指“香料”,作动词可表示用香料给某物调味,但与此同时就有了“增添趣味、新鲜感”的含义,所以在口语中我们可以说:
We tried to spice things up by putting on some lively music.
Going on holidays add a bit of spice to their marriage.
Ethnic restaurants from all over the world add spice to China’s cuisine scene.
a bevy of 这个词组大家可能比较陌生;a bevy of指的是a large group of;即很多,一大群;比如:
There’re a bevy of beauties. 一群美女。
All of these places host a bevy of festivals, concert series, and street markets.
career 这个词大家也不陌生了,作名词时指“职业,生涯”;除此之外它还有另外一个含义“迅速的前进,猛冲”,所以原文这里careering down其实用的是career的动名词形式,表示迅速前进,猛冲;careering down a frozen bobsled track即沿着冰冻的雪橇道冲下去/飞奔而去。
另外有careerist,-ist词尾表示“人”“XX家”(参照scientist, biologist), 但careerist不是指事业家或事业有成的人,相反,它是指那些一心追求名利地位的人,追逐名利的人,野心家(有贬义色彩)。