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雅思精读丨卫报观点:暴跌的英国经济

2020-12-15 15:30:43编辑:素素

  雅思精读丨卫报观点:暴跌的英国经济,来源:卫报观点 5月13日。在日常的雅思学习过程中,多多了解一些外刊,能够有效的提升学生们的阅读能力,积累更多的雅思表达。下面我们一起来看看文章内容吧,更多雅思备考请持续关注环球教育!

  To grasp how low are the expectations for the economy, consider this: on Wednesday it was announced that the UK’s national output had just had its biggest drop since the great crash of 2008 – and the immediate response of many analysts was surprise that it hadn’t fallen further. Even so, the statistics make grim reading. Over the first three months of this year, GDP shrank 2% on the previous quarter. The economy was already slowing in February, and then came the UK’s first coronavirus deaths. In March alone, GDP plunged nearly 6% – the greatestcontraction since records began in 1997. Amazingly, most of that would have happened over just the last week of the month, the first full week of the government’s lockdown. The impact was drastic: travel agent demand collapsed, car plants shut and exports fell off a cliff.

  要明白我们对经济的期望值有多低,请想想以下几点:周三所宣布英国的国民生产总值跌幅是自2008年金融危机以来的最大的,而许多分析师的即时反应却是对生产总值没有进一步的下跌而惊讶。即便如此,数据仍然是严峻的。在今年的前三个月中,GDP比上一季度下降了2%。2月份经济已经开始放缓,接着是英国首例冠状病毒死亡病例。仅在三月份,国内生产总值就暴跌了近6%,这是自1997年有记录以来的最大收缩。令人惊讶的是,其中大部分都发生在当月的最后一周,即政府开始隔离措施的第一周。其造成的影响是巨大的:旅行社的业务需求量暴跌,汽车制造厂关闭,出口量出现断崖式下跌。

  grasp /grɑːsp/ 这是一个很常见的小词,表示“抓紧;抓牢”( to take a firm hold of sb/sth ),相当于“grip”,例如“she grasped the bottle.她紧抓住瓶子。”不过,以这个意思放在原文理解明显是不妥的,这里就要讲一讲它衍生出来的另一个含义“领会;领悟;明白”(to understand sth completely )。用手来抓牢其实就是生理上地(physically)地抓住某物,而用思维(mentally)来抓住某物,不正是“领悟,领会”么?所以可以看出英语单词在出现一词多义的时,往往是有互相联系的,通过一个核心意义来联想记住另一个意义就简单很多了。所以看回原文的句子“To grasp how low are the expectations for the economy”,则可以理解为“想要明白(我们)对经济(发展)的预期是多么的低”

  当grasp在作为名词时,它也可以从“抓牢”衍生出“控制,掌握”之意,例如:Don't let the situation escape from your grasp. 别让局面失去控制。【一词多义】

  great crash of 2008 指2008年全球金融危机,crash在这里指“暴跌”,在金融类文章中往往用来指股票的暴跌,经济的下跌,崩溃。例如“the stock market crash”

  make grim reading statistic/stə'tɪstɪk/指“统计数据”,make grim reading则 相当于“make sth. read grim”(让.......读起来是令人沮丧的)。所以整句可以译为“(经济)数据读起来是令人沮丧的”,也就是指经济数据十分惨淡。这一表达可以积累起来用于写作中,用来从侧面描写经济的低迷,能让文章增色不少。我还想到了这个句子:The balance sheet make grim reading. 资产负债表读起来令人沮丧。其实就是侧面写出公司的经营不佳。

  shrank plunged contraction 文中连用三个意思都为“下跌,收缩”的替换词,它们的原型为:shrink/ʃrɪŋk/ ,plunge/plʌndʒ/ ,contract /kənˈtrækt/。在写作中活用替换词可以令文章读起来没有那么枯燥。

  drastic/ˈdrɑːs‑/ 义为“极端的;急剧的”(extreme in a way that has a sudden, serious or violent effect on sth),也就是程度上剧烈的变化,例如drastic measures/changes极端的措施;剧烈的变化。同义词:sharp, dramatic, extreme等。

  travel agent/ˈtrævl/ /ˈeɪdʒənt/ 旅行社,也可以用“ˈtravel agency”.

  collapse/kəˈlæps/ 非常常见的一个词,表示“崩溃,倒塌”(to fall down or fall in suddenly, often after breaking apart ),在这里与demand搭配,则可理解为:需求量的暴跌。与上文的shrink,plunge等可做作同义替换。

  fell off a cliff 又是一个表达“突然急剧下跌”的经典表达,cliff表示“悬崖峭壁”,fall off a cliff则不难理解为“断崖式的暴跌”,同样可以积累为写作用的替换表达。我还想到了一个词“nosedive” “nose”就是指“鼻子”,“dive”指“跳水”,鼻子朝下地跳下,那不就是“俯冲”么?同样的,这个词也可以衍生出“暴跌”之意。例如:Oil prices took a nosedive in the crisis. 危机期间,石油价格暴跌。

  However grim those numbers look, they are just the beginning. The nearunanimous view among economists is that the UK is diving into what the chancellor, Rishi Sunak, warns is a “significant recession”. However bad that sounds, it is probably a gross understatement: the Bank of England is forecastingthe worst recession in over 300 years.

  尽管这些数字看起来是如此的糟糕,但它们仅仅是开始。经济学家们之间几乎一致的看法是,英国正在陷入财政大臣里希·苏纳克(Rishi Sunak)所警告的“严重衰退”。 尽管这听起来是如此糟糕,但它还可能只是保守的说法:英格兰银行预测,300年来最严重的衰退将会到来。

  unanimous /juːˈnænɪməs/(意见, 决定, 投票)全体的; 全体一致的。(of an opinion, decision, or vote) held or carried by everyone involved

  The country is unanimous in its support of the government's policy.全国一致支持政府的政策。

  dive into a significant recession 陷入严重的衰退。

  understatement/ˈʌndəsteɪtmənt/ 保守的说法,轻描淡写。( a statement that makes sth seem less important, impressive, serious, etc. than it really is)

  To say I was despondent is an understatement. 说我有些沮丧已经算是轻描淡写了。

  forecast/ˈfɔːkɑːst/ 预测,预报(predict or estimate (a future event or trend)

  The reason is simple: to try and quell the pandemic, this government has shut downhuge swathes of the economy. Over the past few weeks, shops, offices and assembly lines have all closed. While England yesterday began the slow and risky process of lifting that lockdown, the other nations are still directing people to “stay at home”. On easily the most important issue of our time, Boris Johnson iseffectively the prime minister of England, not the UK.

  原因很简单:为了试图止住疫情,政府让大部分的经济运作都停摆了,过去几周,商店,办公室和生产线都关闭了。尽管英格兰昨天开始了解除隔离这个缓慢而冒险的进程,但其他国家仍在指示人们“待在家里”。(由于英国是由英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰以及北爱尔兰组成的联合王国,这里作者用other nations并不是指英国外的国家,而是指英格兰之外的威尔士和苏格兰以及北爱尔兰---译者注) 在我们这个时代所面临的最重要的问题上,鲍里斯·约翰逊实际上只能说是英格兰的首相,而不是英国的首相。

  quell/kwel/ 终止,镇压,平息(骚乱,抗议活动等),这里用“quell the pandemic”指“止住疫情蔓延”。

  swathe/sweɪð/ 义为a broad strip or area of something“长而宽的一条(或地带)”,在文中swathe引申出另一个含义:一部分。而huge swathes of the economy则可理解为经济的一大部分,相当于a huge part of the economy.

  lockdown /ˈlɒkdaʊn/ 隔离,封闭

  effectively/ɪˈfektɪvli/ used when you are saying what the facts of a situation are 实际上;事实上