【雅思精读】埃及官媒将性犯罪“正名化”引抗议

 　【雅思精读】埃及官媒将性犯罪“正名化”引抗议，*注：本文摘自11月14日《经济学人》，下面详细的阅读一下！

　　Rebelling against rape反对性侵害Egyptian women speak up about sex crimes埃及妇女谈及性犯罪They are fed up of state media that call a gang-rape a “group sex party”他们受够了那些官方媒体将群体性侵害行为称作“团体性聚会”

　　1. WHEN NADEEN ASHRAF was walking through a wealthy part of Cairo last month, she was not surprised to hear sexual comments aimed her way. Most women in Egypt have experienced sexual harassment or violence. But her catcaller was surprised when the 22-year-old philosophy student jumped into the taxi he was driving. “I had an hour-long conversation with him,” she recalls. “It was so foreign to him that this was sexual harassment.”

　　当纳丁•阿什拉夫上月走过开罗的一个富人区时，她听到了那些对她充满了性意味的评论，她对此并不惊讶。大多数埃及妇女都经历过性骚扰或性暴力。但当这位22岁的哲学生跳上自己驾驶的出租车时，那个对她发出嘘声的男士很是惊讶。她回忆道，“我和他谈了一个小时。我对他说，这是性骚扰，他对此很是惊奇。”

　　2. For much of this year Egypt has wrestled with the problem of sexual violence and the issue of women’s rights. Men there have long policed women’s behaviour, using antiquated notions of morality, while tolerating crimes by men against women. But lately young women like Ms Ashraf have been challenging the country’s conservative, male-dominated culture, using social media to amplify their voices. It has not always gone well.

　　今年，埃及一直在努力解决性暴力和妇女权利问题。长期以来，埃及一直用陈旧的道德规范来管束埃及妇女的行为，同时还包容男性对女性犯下的罪行。但最近，像阿什拉夫这样的年轻女性开始挑战这个国家保守的男性文化，她们利用社交媒体发出了自己的声音。但是，事情进展得并不顺利。

　　3. The reckoning began in June, when a student at the American University in Cairo (AUC) posted a warning on Facebook about a former student, Ahmed Bassam Zaki, whom she accused of sexually harassing and blackmailing women. Days later, after that post disappeared, Ms Ashraf launched an account on Instagram called Assault Police, which repeated the allegations against Mr Zaki—and listed more. He was soon arrested. Assault Police was born out of anger, says Ms Ashraf, who also attends AUC. “I was very frustrated that women’s voices were not being taken seriously.”

　　这场审判始于今年6月，美国大学开罗分校的一名学生在Facebook上发帖警告艾哈迈德·巴萨姆·扎基，指控他性骚扰和勒索女性。几天后，在这条帖子消失了，阿什拉夫在Instagram上开设了一个名为“Assault Police”的账户，该账户重复了对扎基的指控，并列出了更多罪名。扎基很快就被捕了。阿什拉夫说，Assault Police是在愤怒中诞生的，她也是美国大学开罗分校的学生。“没人重视女性的呼唤，这让我非常沮丧。”

　　4. Around the time of Mr Zaki’s arrest, other cases began making headlines. A woman alleged that a group of wealthy young men drugged and gang-raped her at a five-star hotel in Cairo in 2014. Another woman, called Aya Khamees, accused a man of rape—and accused the police of ignoring her claims. It seemed as if Egypt was having a #MeToo moment. The National Council for Women, a government body, urged other victims of sexual violence to come forward. Parliament approved a law guaranteeing them anonymity. Assault Police now has over 200,000 followers.

　　扎基被捕之时，其他相关案件也成为头条新闻。一名女子声称，2014年，一群公子哥在开罗一家五星级酒店对她下药并侵犯了她。另一名名叫阿雅•哈米斯的女子指控一名男子侵犯了她，并指责警方无视她的报案。埃及似乎正在进行Metoo运动。国家妇女委员会，一个政府机构，敦促其他性暴力的受害者站出来。议会通过了一项保证她们匿名的法律。“Assault Police”现在有20多万粉丝。

　　5. But the progress was largely illusory. Take the alleged gang rape, which was reportedly recorded by the attackers. It took weeks of campaigning by activists before the Public Prosecution Office moved, allowing some of the suspects to flee the country. Five men have since been arrested; at least two suspects are still at large. Three of the men arrested have been charged with rape, which they deny. Absurdly, the authorities also charged four people who came forward as witnesses (and two of their acquaintances) with violating laws on “morality” and “debauchery”. The media have characterised the incident as a “group sex party”, smearing all involved, including the alleged victim. This has had a chilling effect: once-vocal women have gone into hiding.

　　但这种进步在很大程度上是虚幻的。以轮奸案为例，据称袭击者记录了这一事件。活动人士进行了数周的活动后，公诉办公室才采取行动，这种拖延让一些嫌疑人得以逃离埃及。目前已有五名男子被捕；至少有两名嫌疑犯仍在逃。其中三名被捕男子被控强奸，但他们否认了这些指控。荒谬的是，当局还指控四名出庭作证的证人(以及他们的两名熟人)违反了“道德”和“放荡”的法律。媒体将这起事件定性为“团体性聚会”，抹黑了所有牵涉其中的人，包括那些受害者。这产生了一种寒蝉效应：那些曾直言不讳的女性已经躲起来了。

　　6. After Ms Khamees was turned away by the police, she broadcast her accusations on TikTok, an app for sharing short videos, where she had more than 100,000 followers. Days after the video went viral, the police picked up the entire group who had been partying with her that night. The authorities seemed as concerned with their use of hash and the mixing of unmarried men and women, as with Ms Khamees’s claim that a man had held a razor to her face and raped her. Her attackers (she accused a group of people of facilitating the rape) were charged with rape and other offences. But Ms Khamees was also charged—with prostitution, drug use and “violating family values”. Only after she completed a programme to “correct her concepts” were the charges against her dropped.

　　Khamees女士遭到警方拒绝后，在TikTok上发布了指控。TikTok是一个分享短视频的应用，她在那里有10万多名粉丝。视频走红几天后，警方逮捕了当晚和她一起参加派对的所有人。当局对食用大麻，且未婚男女混到一起玩这些事比较在意，同样的，他们对Khamees指控一名男子用剃刀对着她的脸并侵犯了她也很在意。袭击者被控犯有强奸罪和其他罪行，她指控称一群人协助侵犯了她。但是Khamees也被控卖淫，吸毒和“违反了家庭价值观。只有完成”纠正课“，对她的指控才能撤销。

　　7. These cases are indicative. Egypt has laws against sexual violence and harassment (the latter enacted only in 2014), but victims keep quiet for fear they will be blamed and shamed. The authorities have been known to subject women to so-called “virginity tests” and to ask about their sexual history, often using the information to muddy a case. The law is vague and, anyway, “it is just what you write on a piece of paper,” says Salma El Tarzi, a film-maker who focuses on sexual violence. The real problem is the attitude of Egyptian men.

　　这些案例具有指示性。埃及有反性暴力和性骚扰的法律(反性骚扰法律2014年才颁布)，但受害者保持沉默，因为她们担心自己会受到指责和羞辱。众所周知，当局对妇女进行所谓的“处女测试”，并询问她们的性史，而且他们也会利用这些信息来模糊案情。法律很模糊，专注于性暴力的电影制片人萨尔玛•艾尔•塔齐说，“这些法律不过是写在纸上的东西罢了。”问题的关键在于埃及男人对此的态度。

　　8. Most of Egypt’s judges and prosecutors are men. They decide what violates Egyptian values. Lately they have been using a cyber-crime law to crack down on women dancing and clowning around on TikTok. Since April the authorities have arrested ten female TikTok influencers on charges of violating family values and inciting “indecency” and “debauchery”. Six have been sentenced to two years each in prison; two have received three-year sentences. Part of what panics the old arbiters of morality is how the internet has empowered young, often lower-class women.

　　埃及大多数法官和检察官都是男性。他们决定什么违反了埃及价值观。最近，他们开始利用网络犯罪法来打击在TikTok上跳舞和扮丑的女性。自4月以来，当局逮捕了10名TikTok女性红人，罪名是她们违反家庭价值观，煽动“猥亵”和“淫荡”。其中有六人被判处两年有期徒刑;两人被判三年有期徒刑。让道德的老仲裁者感到恐慌的部分是，互联网赋予了年轻女性(通常是下层社会的女性)她们应有的权力。

　　9. The country as a whole, though, remains deeply conservative. Many Egyptians supported the arrests of the TikTok stars. A survey released in 2017 by the UN and Promundo, an advocacy group, showed that 64% of Egyptian men (and 60% of women) believe that a woman should marry her rapist. Almost three-quarters of men (and 84% of women) said women who dress provocatively deserve to be harassed. Only in Egypt are the views of young men as conservative as those of older men when it comes to gender, says Amel Fahmy, who worked on the survey.

　　然而，整个国家仍然非常保守。许多埃及人支持逮捕TikTok网红。联合国和倡导组织Promundo在2017年发布的一项调查显示，64%的埃及男性和60%的埃及女性认为女性应该嫁给那个侵犯了她的人。近四分之三的男性和84%的女性表示，穿着暴露的女性活该被骚扰。参与调查的Amel Fahmy说，在性别问题上，在埃及，年轻男性的观点和老年男性一样保守。

　　10. “There are millions of men in Egypt who have no clue about their sexuality and the ideas of boundaries and consent,” says Ms Ashraf. She grew more disillusioned after talking to her catcalling cab driver. He ultimately apologised, she says, but then claimed he would never get married. Asked why, he responded, “Because you told me I shouldn’t compliment girls.”

　　阿什拉夫说:“埃及很多男人对性，性别界限以及性同意一无所知。”和出租车那位对她发出嘘声的司机聊完之后，她很失望。她说，他最终道歉了，但随后他声称他永远不会结婚。当被问及原因时，他回答说:“因为你告诉我不该赞扬女孩子。（这里是说，这个男生以为他那充满性意味的嘘声是对别人的赞美）”