【雅思课外精读】韩国的外籍新娘：我的丈夫谋杀了我（下）

　　【雅思课外精读】韩国的外籍新娘：我的丈夫谋杀了我（下）   原文译文    相关阅读：【雅思课外精读】韩国的外籍新娘：我的丈夫谋杀了我（上）

　　注：本文选自8月5日CNN News

　　South Korean authorities encourage men to marry foreign women. But their brides often become victims of abuse

　　韩国当局鼓励男性与外国女性结婚，但是她们经常遭受虐待

　　Foreign brides in South Korea

　　外国新娘在韩国

　　1.For decades, there has been a gender imbalance in rural parts of South Korea. Young women often head to cities for jobs and marriage, while their male counterparts stay behind to tend their land and fulfill the Confucian expectation that they look after their elderly parents. In the 1980s, local governments started subsidizing private marriage brokers who could introduce bachelor farmers to ethnically Korean women in China, paying the brokers 4 to 6 million won (then around $3,800 to $5,700) per marriage. It was an attempt to address the aging population by encouraging men to find a wife, and hopefully have children. In the decades after, brides were no longer only ethnically Korean and began coming from more countries -- the Philippines, Vietnam and Cambodia.

　　几十年来，韩国农村地区的性别比例一直都很不均衡。年轻女性往往选择去城市工作结婚，而男性则留下来照顾年迈的父母。上世纪八十年代，地方政府开始补贴那些私人婚姻经纪人，让他们为农村的男性介绍中国的朝鲜族妇女，每撮合成一桩婚姻，这些婚姻经纪人能够赚取400万到600万韩元（约合3800至5700美元）。这是一个通过帮助男性娶到媳妇然后生下孩子以解决韩国人口老龄化问题的方式。在那之后的几十年里，新娘不仅仅是朝鲜族女性，还有其他国家包括菲律宾，越南和柬埔寨的妇女。

　　2.An industry of transnational marriage brokers soon emerged. As of May, 380 matchmaking agencies were registered in South Korea, according to government statistics. These days, more foreign brides in South Korea come from Vietnam than any other country. Most marry men in rural areas of South Korea, where some provinces still offer subsidies -- South Jeolla province, for instance, offers men older than 35 who have never been married previously a 5 million won ($4,190) subsidy for marrying a foreign wife and presenting a marriage registration.

　　跨国婚姻经纪人行业很快就出现了。据韩国政府统计，截至5月，韩国共有380多家登记在册的婚介机构。如今，来自越南的外籍新娘人数最多，而大多数外籍新娘都是嫁给了韩国农村的男人，在这些地区，政府仍然在提供补贴。在全罗道省，当地政府为35岁以上从未结过婚的男性提供500万韩元(合4190美元)的补贴，只要他们能够娶到一名外籍女性并办理结婚登记。

　　3.In 2018, 16,608 Korean men and foreign women married, with 6,338 coming from Vietnam, 3,671 from China, and 1,560 from Thailand. In total, 28% of all marriages between a foreigner and a Korean person involved a South Korean man and a Vietnamese bride. Part of the reason so many brides come from Vietnam is economic. According to CIA World Factbook, Vietnam's GDP per capita was $6,900 in 2017 -- that same year, South Korea's was $39,500. Brides are often young, and hoping for a better life. According to a government survey in 2017, the average age of marriage broker users was 43.6, while the average age of foreign brides was 25.2.

　　2018年，韩国共有16608名男性和外籍女性结婚，其中有3671名妇女来自中国，6338名来自越南，1560名来自泰国。总的来看，在跨国婚姻中，有28%的婚姻中是韩国男人娶了泰国女人。这么多越南女性嫁给韩国男性主要还是处于经济原因。根据CIA世界概况的数据， 2017年，越南人均GDP为6900美元，同年，韩国人均GDP为39500美元。这些外籍新娘往往都很年轻，都希望能过上更好的生活。根据韩国政府2017年的一项调查，婚姻中介用户的平均年龄为43.6岁，而外籍新娘的平均年龄为25.2岁。

　　Judge Kang Dong-hyeok ："The victim trusted the defendant -- she left Vietnam and began her life in South Korea."

　　法官Kang Dong-hyeok：“受害者信任被告——她离开了越南，在韩国开始了新生活。”

　　4.Experts and officials disagree on how to categorize this transnational trend. The United Nations Action for Cooperation against Trafficking in Persons says Vietnamese women are trafficked to a number of countries, including South Korea, for "forced marriages." But Lee Jin-hye, a lawyer with Migrants Center Friends based in Seoul, said foreign brides are choosing to come to South Korea -- even if the primary reason is to send money to their families back home, rather than for their own personal benefit. In Trinh's case, court documents indicated she went to South Korea willingly. "The victim trusted the defendant -- she left Vietnam and began her life in South Korea," Judge Kang said.

　　专家和当局对这种跨国婚姻意见不一。联合国打击人口贩卖合作行动组织称，越南妇女被贩卖到包括韩国在内的一些国家，被强迫结婚。但首尔Migrants Center Friends的律师李金惠说，外籍新娘是自愿选择来韩国的，虽然她们来此的主要目的是给家人寄钱而不是为了自己的幸福生活。在Trinh的案件中，法庭文件显示她是自愿来韩国的。“受害者信任被告——她离开了越南，在韩国开始了新生活，”康法官说。

　　What goes wrong？

　　到底是哪里出了问题？

　　5.The South Korean government -- and countries in Southeast Asia -- have long worried that the foreign bride industry could lead to human trafficking and abuse. In 2010, Cambodia temporarily banned its citizens from marrying South Koreans. Vietnamese authorities have also raised concerns with South Korea, according to local Vietnam media reports.

　　韩国政府和东南亚国家长期以来一直担心，外籍新娘行业可能会导致人口贩卖和虐待。2010年，柬埔寨暂时禁止本国公民与韩国人结婚。据越南当地媒体报道，越南当局也向韩国表达了担忧。