托福阅读提分太难,各类题型都应该如何备考?小伙伴们可谓是在托福坑里越陷越深,经过一番努力后往往成绩差强人意。明明是彻夜不眠地去学习,成效甚微的结果往往让人难以接受。
那么大家有没有考虑过,为什么别人的阅读就能拿高分而你不行?为什么人家熟知答题技巧而你不会?排排坐好,听大志君给你们细说阅读技巧。
1、词汇题(Vocabulary)
小伙伴们会被要求确定一个词(或短语)的意思。它可能是一个难度偏大的词(或短语),而且从来没有见过;或者是一个简单的词(或短语),有多种不同的解释。也就是直接考察考生的词汇量,因此提问也是问考生文章段落中某个词汇的具体含义。由于托福阅读对考生的词汇要求比较高,因此这个题型的数量也是比较多的,一般为3-5题,其题型常见的问法是:
The word "X" in the passage is closest in meaning to ...
The phrase "X" in the passage is closest in meaning to ...
In stating X, the author means that ...
例:
The word draw in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by:
a. sketch
b. pull
c. draft
d. make
2、指代题(Reference)
托福考试的阅读部分中,小伙伴们可能会被要求选出一个词的替代词(代词、形容词)。在文章中这个词通常位于代词或形容词之前,因此要回答这类问题,应该仔细研究代词或形容词周围的语境。
指代题从出题形式上看似和词汇题类似,但考察的目标却并非大家的词汇而是对文章不同段落特定内容的理解。对于不擅长返回原文寻找的同学来说需要花费较多时间解题。当然这类题目数量并不多,大概在0-2题之间。一般出题形式为:
The word "X" in the passage refers to ...
例:
The word it in paragraph 1 refers to:
a. way
b. water
c. sink
d. drain
3、句子简化题(Sentence Simplification)
简化题要求考生根据原文中的句子选择一个能够表达其主要含义的选项句子。
这个题型在托福阅读中出现数量较少,每篇文章可能只有1题或者没有。既考大家对句子的理解也考察考生对句子结构的认识,提问方式也是比较固定的:
Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
例:
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
a. The density of the Great Red Spot is much higher than that of the Earth.
b. If the diameter of the Great Red Spot were doubled, it would equal that of the Earth.
c. By placing the Earth next to the Great Red Spot, one could see that the Earth has a much smaller diameter.
d. Because the Earth is close to the Great Red Spot, Earth is influenced by its huge size.
4、文本插入题(Insert Text)
这一部分会要求伙伴们在一篇文章中插入一段句子,在不破坏文章原本结构的情况下,使之成立。
文本插入题为必考题型,每篇阅读固定会有1题。这个题型出题形式比较有特色,会在一个段落或者上下两个段落的各处给出4个标记,然后再给出一个句子要求考生选择合适的位置插入这个文本句子。这道题也是考察大家对于文章特定段落或是段落之间衔接等方面的理解而设计的题型,出题形式是:
Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Where would the sentence best fit?
例:
Look at the four symbols [1X] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.
When one brother was killed, the remaining brother had the game invented to explain the tragic events to his mother.
5、事实信息题(Factual information)
事实信息题是托福阅读中数量最多的题型,每篇阅读文章中都会有3-6道。这个题型如同其字面含义,就是考察大家对阅读文章中包含的各类信息的掌握程度。答案通常是对文章中给出的内容的重述。这就意味着正确答案往往与文章表达的想法相同,所以答案并不太难找到。这类题目的提问方式主要有:
According to the paragraph,...?
例:
According to paragraph 1, the word Dord:
a. has appeared in numerous physics and chemistry texts
b. was mistakenly added to a dictionary
c. can be used in physics and chemistry to refer to density
d. can still be found in dictionaries
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