如果问起should的同义词有什么?很多同学都能回答ought to或者be supposed to。的确这三个词都可以翻译成“应该”,但是即便是中文的“应该”在不同的语境下也有不一样的意思,所以如果在should, ought to和be supposed to 之间随意替换的话,后果一定很严重。因此环球教育的老师建议同学们要根据不同情况,准确理解相关的语境来实现含should句子的paraphrase。
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Should一个常见的意思就是表示责任和义务,在这种情况下should + do 就可以轻松替换为有责任/义务做某事,英文最常用的表达是:have / has the responsibility/duty to do something. 例如:
Parents should teach children how to be good members of society. 可以改为:
Parents have the responsibility/duty to teach children how to be useful members of society.
通过词性转化,名词responsibility的形容词是responsible,于是就可以用be responsible for doing something来表达了:
Parents are responsible for guiding children how to be contributing members of society.
在来一个例子:
Government should pay for public health care and education. 改:
Government has the responsibility / duty to bear the cost of public health care and education. 或者:
Government is responsible for bearing the cost of public health care and education.
Should do 在雅思写作中的另一个常见意思是表示“这么做有好处”。看下面两句:
Young people should work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies.
Intelligent children should be taught separately and given special treatment.
显然这两个should不是表示某种责任,而是表示should 后面的这个动作能够带来好处,那么,用有关“好处”的表达来改写这两个句子是最明智的。首先我们可以用:
Working or traveling for a year before starting university studies will be beneficial for high school graduates.
Teaching intelligent children separately and giving them special treatment will be beneficial to the society as a whole.
通过词性的合理转化我们又可以变化出下面的句子:
Working or travelling for a year before starting university studies will benefit high school graduates a lot. 这个句子意思上等于:
High school graduates will benefit a lot from working or traveling for a year before starting their university studies.
Teaching intelligent children separately and giving them special treatment will benefit the society as a whole. 这个句子意思上等于:
The whole society will benefit a lot from the policy of teaching intelligent children separately and giving them special treatment.
有关“A 对B 有好处”的表达,还有如下选择:
A is helpful to B;
By A / doing A, B can enjoy many advantages;
A can bring plenty of benefits to B;
总之,在对含有should的句子进行替换表达的时候,首先要做的事情就是要准确理解句子的内在含义,切忌不顾一切为了避免重复随意用be supposed to和ought to来替换。通常在雅思写作中基本上不会有适合be supposed to 的语境。Ought to一般也只在表达“责任”和“义务”的时候适合使用。Paraphrase时只有通过理解句子的意思来替换表达才显得更灵活而不生硬。(环球教育宁波 童驹)